Conditions Leading to Fascism- Charismatic Leader

Charisma means having charm or attractiveness that is appealing to others. Charismatic leaders inspire devotion and confidence in others.

Source 1: Adolf Hitler was a politician who was able to articulate the frustrations, hopes, and fears of many people in Germany. Today, many people remember him as a fiery public speaker (and he was- you'll see a video of one of his speeches in source 2). But he was also a captivating conversationalist to whom many people were drawn. Here is a picture of him speaking with a crowd of supporters in a local bar in Munich, Germany.

Source 2:  Here is a speech to a large crowd. Make sure to listen and read the subtitles to hear the way he uses tone and volume to capture the crowd. Pay attention to the audience response.

Source 3: One young nationalist, born in 1908, had attended political meetings and found inspiration when he heard the Leader Adolf Hitler speak in person. He recalled, "After this, there was only one thing for me, either to win with Adolf Hitler or to die for him. The personality of the Leader had me totally in its spell. He who gets to know Adolf Hitler with a pure and true heart will love him with all his heart. He will love him not for the sake of materialism, but for Germany."154

Conditions Leading to Fascism- Violent Enforcement

Source 1: 

In Germany, violent enforcement of the Nazi Party came through the Storm Troopers, (Sturmabteilung, or SA, in German). Because of their uniform, they had the nickname "brown shirts."

Throughout the 1920s and 30s, they were often involved in street fights with members of the communist party. By the mid 1930s, they had thousands of members.

Here is a picture of Brownshirts on on parade in 1930s Germany. 

Source 2:

A particularly graphic, though by no means untypical account of stormtrooper activities was provided by a schoolteacher, born in 1898, who had fought in World War I and joined the Nazis in 1929. He was called up one evening with his brownshirt group to defend a Nazi rally in a nearby town against the communists:

"We all gathered at the entrance of the town and put on white armbands, and then you could hear the thundering marching of our column of about 250 men. Without weapons, without sticks, but with clenched fists, we marched in strict order and iron discipline into the catcalls and screaming of the crowds before the meeting-hall. They had sticks and fence-boards in their hands. It was 10 o‘clock at night. With a few maneuvers in the middle of the street, we pushed the crowd against the walls to clear the street. Just at that moment, a carpenter drove through with a small truck and a black coffin in it. As he went by, one of us said: ‘Well, let’s see whom we can put in there.’ The screams, cries, whistles and howls grew ever more intense."

Conditions Leading to Fascism - Discontent

Discontent:

Source 1: Treaty of Versailles
When Germany lost World War I, they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles which imposed some very harsh punishments on Germany. The treaty required that Germany

• Give up territory 
• Pay reparations 
• Weaken the military 
• Claim responsibility for the war

Here is a picture showing territory lost by Germany in the war. The black shows areas lost, the bright green shows areas Germany got to keep, but is not allowed to put its army in.

Source 2: Hyperinflation
In the 1920s, inflation in Germany was out of control. Inflation is a general increase in prices and a decline in the purchasing power of money. If a loaf of bread costs $3.00 in January and costs $4.00 in February, then inflation has happened. Inflation in Germany was so bad that it became known as hyperinflation. For example:

In 1914, one US Dollar was worth 4 German Marks.
1n 1923, one US Dollar was worth 260,750 German Marks.

Money became so worthless that people began to use paper bills for things other than purchasing. Here is a picture of a child flying a kite of money, because it cheaper to tape money together to fly a kite than it was to buy an actual kite with money.

Here is a picture of a woman loading money into a furnace to burn and heat her home because it was cheaper to burn money than buy coal.

China Day 3

Station 3 Video is here

Boxer Rebellion Video - China Day 2

Boxer Rebellion Video is here

South Africa - Day 16

Read the article below and answer the questions on the handout.

Land grab proposal stokes fears for white South African farmers

Muddled first impression for ‘pro-business’ new president Cyril Ramaphosa

South Africa’s new president is vowing to institute land reform in a “responsible” manner, but has been unable to stop rising concern from the country’s minority white farmers and international investors that his government is being pressured to carry out a more radical, racially-based land grab that could undo the region’s largest and most important economy.

One of the first things newly-elected President Ramaphosa has to deal with is the land reform plans that are already underway. 

Supporters say the move is needed to address a gap in landownership between the white minority and the black majority that remains from South Africa’s apartheid era.

“We cannot have a situation where we allow land grabs, because that is not government,” Mr. Ramaphosa told Parliament.

But he pledged to increase the pace of land reform. “If we do not do so,” he warned, “this problem that has stayed with us as a nation for hundreds of years … will blow up in our hands.”

Some of his political allies want to go much further and much faster.

AfriForum, a lobby group that bills itself as a guardian of minority and Afrikaner rights, warned that the proposed constitutional amendment on land expropriation could unleash chaos and said it planned an international campaign to warn foreign governments and investors about the threat to property rights.

Mr. Ramaphosa remains under pressure from more extremist political elements to pick up the pace. White South Africans have about 72 percent of individually owned farms in South Africa. The black majority, which was largely concentrated in rural reserves and segregated urban townships under apartheid, owns just 4 percent, according to an audit cited by Mr. Ramaphosa.

Muddled message

South Africa this week found itself in an angry diplomatic dispute after Australian Immigration Minister Peter Dutton told reporters that South Africa’s white farmers may “need help from a civilized country like ours” if massive land seizures are made legal.

“That threat does not exist,” the South African Foreign Ministry said in a response. “There is no reason for any government in the world to suspect that a section of South Africans is under danger from their own democratically elected government.”

A survey last year by the Institute of Race Relations, a South African think tank, found that just 1 percent of South African people thought land reform would expand the economy. The overwhelming number expressed fears that it would send the national unemployment rate — currently about 25 percent — even higher.

When the survey group Kantar TNS asked black South Africans how they would choose if offered 250 acres of rural land or a job in town, 82 percent chose the job.

South Africa Australia Video

Click here to watch the video.

As you watch it, fill out the handout labeled South Africa Australia Video Handout.

PAUSE the video to answer the questions.

Cold War in Latin America and the Middle East

Iran:
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bG6X7gSLFJ8



Guatemala: 
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2jJ5OIY69Y&feature=youtu.be

For a closer look at the painting, in color:
http://art-for-a-change.com/blog/2016/02/a-new-look-at-riveras-gloriosa-victoria.html



Chile:
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um92GZLCQ_Q

Challenges in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Today

Directions: Watch each of the videos linked below and take notes in the appropriate category on your answer sheet. 

Inquiry Question: Why is the DRC so poor?

Vocabulary you will hear:

• Kinshasa: The capitol of Democratic Republic of Congo
• Kleptocracy: Government based on theft

Video 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYatJIMVTbs (1 minute, 18 seconds)

Video 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UADiQhjjzWs (4 minutes, 30 seconds)

Video 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d4dFYiIzK8 (11 minutes, watch first 7 minutes, more if you have time)